Assessment of Health Risk of Exposure to Alpha-Emitters in Cheese Samples Collected from Iraqi Markets

R. R. Muneam, A. A. Abojassim

Abstract


In this research, alpha-emitter concentrations of 222Rn, 226Ra, and 238U in Iranian, Turkish, Egyptian, Saudi Arabian, and Iraqi canned cheeses that are available in Iraqi markets were measured using the CR-39 detector. Also, the health risk parameters associated with the ingestion of alpha-emitter radionuclides, such as the annual average internal effective dose (AAIED) and the risk of an excess cancer fatality per million persons (RECFPMP), were calculated. The results show that the average values of 222Rn, 226Ra, and 228U concentrations for all samples in the present study were 3.7±0.38 Bq/m3, 25.24±2.63 mBq/kg, and 0.025±0.002 ppm, respectively. The average values of AAIED and RECFPMP were 0.175±0.018 µSv/y and 0.674±0.070, respectively. The results show that the highest value of alpha-emitters as well as health risk parameters were found in cheese samples produced in Saudi Arabia, while the lowest results were found in Egyptian samples. They were, nevertheless, less than the permissible value and the risk value. According to the current study, the consumption of those cheese products poses no health risks.


Keywords


Alpha-emitters; Health risk; CR-39 detector; Cheese samples; Iraqi markets

Full Text:

PDF

References


A. A. Abojassim, R. H. Hashim and N. S. Mahdi, Basics of Nuclear Radiation, B. P. International, London (2021) 1.

K. Heyde, Basic Ideas and Concepts in Nuclear Physics: an Introductory Approach, 3rd ed., IoP Publishing Ltd., Philadelphia (2004) 1.

H. A. U. Mohammed, H. S. Hussain and A. A. Abojassim, AIP Conf. Proc. 2386 (2022) 080026.

IARC, Inorganic and Organic Lead Compounds, in: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Vol. 87, World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (2006) 1.

P. F. Fox, T. P. Guinee, T. M. Cogan et al., Starter Cultures, in: Fundamentals of Cheese Science, Springer, Boston (2016) 121.

F. K. Vosniakos, Radioactivity transfer in environment and food, Springer Science & Business Media, New York (2012) 1.

B. M. Mitrović, O. Vitorović, J. Ajtić et al., Rom. Rep. Phys. 72 (2020) 1.

A. K. Hashim, H. A. Mezher, S. H. Kadhim et al., J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1829 (2021) 1.

M. Martini, F. Salari, L. Buttau et al., Small Ruminant Res. 201 (2021) 106419.

‎A. Boryło, M. Kaczor, J. Wieczorek et al., Isot. Environ. Health Stud. 57 (2021) 623.

A. A. Abojassim. ASME J. Nucl. Eng. Radiat. Sci. 7 (2021) 032001.

A. A. Abojassim, A. S. Jassim, H. M. Ahmed et al., WSEAS Trans. Environ. Dev. 17 (2021) 1210.

A. A. Marzaali, M. A. Al-Shareefi and A. A. Abojassim, Water Supply 22 (2022) 1035.

A. A. Abojassim and D. J. Lawi, Plant Arch. 18 (2018) 1137.

T. A. Abdulwahid, I. K. Alsabari, A. A. Abojassim et al., Sylwan 164 (2020) 154.

A. A. Abojassim, F. A. Al-kufI and A. M. Ali, Curr. Pediatr. Res. 21 (2017) 485.

A. K. Hashim, H. A. Mezher, S. H. Kadhim et al., J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1829 (2021) 1.

M. H. Oleiwi, S. H. Ibrahem and A. A. Abojassim, NeuroQuantology: An Interdiscip. J. Neurosci. Quantum Phys., 19 (2021) 139.

A. A. Ibrahim, A. K. Hashim and A. A. Abojassim, Ann. Agri Bio Res. 26 (2021) 125.

A. A. H. Mohsen, A. N. Al-Khayyat, A. Y. Salman et al., Prensa Med. Argent. 106 (2020) 1.

E. Renner, Nutritional aspects of cheese, in: Cheese Chemistry, Physics and Microbiology, Springer, Boston (1993) 557.

UNSCEAR, Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation, in: UNSCEAR 2000 Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes Vol. I, United Nation, New York (2000) 1.

R. H. Clarke and W. Bines, Changes in Underlying Science and Protection Policy and Case Study of Their Impact on European and UK Domestic Regulation, in: Evolution of ICRP Recommendations 1977, 1990 and 2007, OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, Le Seine Saint-Germain (2011) 1.

Anonymous, Code of Federal Regulations Title 40: Protection of Environment, Part 136-Guidelines establishing test procedures for the analyses of pollutants, Appendix B to Part 136-definition and procedure for the determination of Method Detection Limit - Revision 2. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-D/part-136. Retrieved in March (2022) 1.

S. Al-Omari, Int. J. Low Radiat. 9 (2014) 355.

M. Strok and B. Smodis, Nucl. Eng. Des. 241 (2011) 1277.

M. W. Yii, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 320 (2019) 193.

D. Desideri, P. Battisti, I. Giardina et al., Food Chem. 279 (2018) 408.

N. Gradaščević, D. Samek and Saračević, Vet. 64 (2015) 55.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.55981/aij.2023.1226

Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2023

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.